ATP & ADP

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
-composed of: 

• Base (adenine)
• Ribose
• 3 phophoryls
• 2 phosphoanhydride bonds
• 7 kcal/mol each

Aerobic metabolism of glucose ---> 38 ATP (malate shuttle)
---> 36 ATP (G3P shuttle)
Anaerobic glycolysis --> 2 net ATP per glucose molecule
ATP can be used as energy to drive energetically unfavorable reactions.

ADP has one less phophoryl group (and has less energy than ATP).

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: faulty collagen synthesis causing:

Chromatin is compossed of DNA and proteins. 
-Beads on a String:  The DNA is negatively charged and loops two times around the postively charged proteins (called Histones: H2A, H2B, H3, and H4).  There are 2 of each of these histones (to make an octamer).  Another protein (H1) connects the octamer beads to each other.

Heterochromatin: condensed and inactive (no transcription)
Euchromatin: less condensed and active (transcription happening on it)