Types of Shock:
1. Hypovolemic:
Loss of blood volume such as from hemorrhage, burns, or third spacing. Initially, peripheral perfusion is decreased to maintain perfusion to organs such as the brain, heart, and liver. Have to give the patient fluids via intravenous catheters (2 large-bore).
2. Cardiogenic:
Heart is not functionion well and not pumping out enough blood to perfuse tissues (such as from ischemia, CHF, valvular problems). The Central Venous pressures are increased (unlike hypovolemic shock). Have to give the patient dobutamine or dopamine or nitroglycerine (if cardiac ischemia is the cause).
3. Neurogenic:
Sympathetic tone is lost (such as from vasovagal response, cervicothoracic spinal cord injury, or spinal anesthesia) so that there is peripheral vasodilation and hypotension. Have to give the patient fluids, phenylephrine, or norepinephrine.
4. Septic:
Toxins cause inflammation (hypovolemia, cardiac problems, vasodilation, increased cell metabolism, anaerobic metabolism). Have to give volume, dobutamine, norepinephrine, dopamine.
5. Obstructive:
Could be tension pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade, or pulmonary embolism. Have to give volume and correct the underlying problem (such as draining out blood in cardiac tamponade or putting in a chest tube to relieve pressure of a tension pneumothorax).